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Tri-System Theory (Shaw & Nave, 2026)

Vincent Rump introduces the Tri-System Theory (Shaw & Nave, 2026), which extends Kahneman's dual-process model by proposing a third cognitive system — artificial cognition (AI) — that actively participates in human reasoning and decision-making. The post argues that humans increasingly defer to AI outputs with minimal critical reflection, a phenomenon the authors call "cognitive surrender," which improves decision quality when AI is correct but degrades it when AI is wrong — while trust remains consistently high either way. This raises urgent questions about human autonomy, expertise, and responsibility as cognition becomes a hybrid, human-AI process.