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Tools for thought

Synthesises findings from 34 papers on how generative AI expands automation while simultaneously creating risks and opportunities for human cognition. Covers memory, creativity, and critical thinking as the three main domains affected.

by Lev Tankelevitch, Elena L. Glassman, Jessica He, Aniket Kittur, Mina Lee, Srishti Palani, Advait Sarkar, Gonzalo Ramos, Yvonne Rogers, Hari Subramonyam

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Synthesises research from 34 papers on how GenAI expands automation while simultaneously creating both risks and opportunities for human cognition: memory, creativity, and critical thinking. The synthesis resists both the optimist framing (AI augments us) and the pessimist framing (AI atrophies us) by showing that the effects depend heavily on how the tools are designed and how people use them.

Published 2025 at CHI Tools for Thought Workshop.

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